Biography of Golda Meir, First Female Prime Minister of Israel

Golda Meirs deep commitment to the cause of Zionism determined the course of her life. She moved from Russia to Wisconsin when she was eight; then at age 23, she emigrated to what was then called Palestine with her husband. Once in Palestine, Golda Meir played vital roles in advocating for a Jewish state, including raising money for the cause. When Israel declared independence in 1948, Golda Meir was one of the 25 signers of this historic document. After serving as Israel’s ambassador to the Soviet Union, minister of labor, and foreign minister, Golda Meir became Israels fourth prime minister in 1969. She was also known as Golda Mabovitch (born as), Golda Meyerson, Iron Lady of Israel. Dates: May 3, 1898 — December 8, 1978 Early Childhood in Russia Golda Mabovitch (she would later change her surname to Meir in 1956) was born in the Jewish ghetto within Kiev in Russian Ukraine to Moshe and Blume Mabovitch. Moshe was a skilled carpenter whose services were in demand, but his wages were not always enough to keep his family fed. This was partly because clients would often refuse to pay him, something Moshe could do nothing about since Jews had no protection under Russian law. In late 19th century Russia, Czar Nicholas II made life very difficult for the Jewish people. The czar publicly blamed many of Russias problems on Jews and enacted harsh laws controlling where they could live and when — even whether — they could marry. Mobs of angry Russians often participated in pogroms, which were organized attacks against Jews that included the destruction of property, beatings, and murder. Goldas earliest memory was of her father boarding up the windows to defend their home from a violent mob. By 1903, Goldas father knew that his family was no longer safe in Russia. He sold his tools to pay for his passage to America by steamship; he then sent for his wife and daughters just over two years later, when he had earned enough money. A New Life in America In 1906, Golda, along with her mother (Blume) and sisters (Sheyna and Zipke), began their trip from Kiev to Milwaukee, Wisconsin to join Moshe. Their land journey through Europe included several days crossing Poland, Austria, and Belgium by train, during which they had to use fake passports and bribe a police officer. Then once on board a ship, they suffered through a difficult 14-day journey across the Atlantic. Once safely ensconced in Milwaukee, eight-year-old Golda was at first overwhelmed by the sights and sounds of the bustling city, but soon came to love living there. She was fascinated by the trolleys, skyscrapers, and other novelties, such as ice cream and soft drinks, that she hadn’t experienced back in Russia. Within weeks of their arrival, Blume started a small grocery store in the front of their house and insisted that Golda open the store every day. It was a duty that Golda resented since it caused her to be chronically late for school. Nevertheless, Golda did well in school, quickly learning English and making friends. There were early signs that Golda Meir was a strong leader. At eleven years old, Golda organized a fundraiser for students who could not afford to buy their textbooks. This event, which included Goldas first foray into public speaking, was a great success. Two years later, Golda Meir graduated from eighth grade, first in her class. Young Golda Meir Rebels Golda Meirs parents were proud of her achievements but considered eighth grade the completion of her education. They believed that a young womans primary goals were marriage and motherhood. Meir disagreed for she dreamed of becoming a teacher. Defying her parents, she enrolled in a public high school in 1912, paying for her supplies by working various jobs. Blume tried to force Golda to quit school and began to search for a future husband for the 14-year-old. Desperate, Meir wrote to her older sister Sheyna, who by then had moved to Denver with her husband. Sheyna convinced her sister to come to live with her and sent her money for train fare. One morning in 1912, Golda Meir left her house, ostensibly headed for school, but instead went to Union Station, where she boarded a train for Denver. Life in Denver Although she had hurt her parents deeply, Golda Meir had no regrets about her decision to move to Denver. She attended high school and mingled with members of Denvers Jewish community who met at her sisters apartment. Fellow immigrants, many of them Socialists and anarchists, were among the frequent visitors who came to debate the issues of the day. Golda Meir listened attentively to discussions about Zionism, a movement whose goal it was to build a Jewish state in Palestine. She admired the passion the Zionists felt for their cause and soon came to adopt their vision of a national homeland for Jews as her own. Meir found herself drawn to one of the quieter visitors to her sisters home — soft-spoken 21-year-old Morris Meyerson, a Lithuanian immigrant. The two shyly confessed their love for one another and Meyerson proposed marriage. At 16, Meir was not ready to marry, despite what her parents thought, but promised Meyerson she would one day become his wife. Return to Milwaukee In 1914, Golda Meir received a letter from her father, begging her to return home to Milwaukee; Golda’s mother was ill, apparently partly from the stress of Golda having left home. Meir honored her parents wishes, even though it meant leaving Meyerson behind. The couple wrote each other frequently, and Meyerson made plans to move to Milwaukee. Meirs parents had softened somewhat in the interim; this time, they allowed Meir to attend high school. Shortly after graduating in 1916, Meir registered at the Milwaukee Teachers Training College. During this time, Meir also became involved with the Zionist group Poale Zion, a radical political organization. Full membership in the group required a commitment to emigrate to Palestine. Meir committed in 1915 that she would one day immigrate to Palestine. She was 17 years old. World War I and the Balfour Declaration As World War I progressed, violence against European Jews escalated. Working for the Jewish Relief Society, Meir and her family helped raise money for European war victims. The Mabovitch home also became a gathering place for prominent members of the Jewish community. In 1917, news arrived from Europe that a wave of deadly pogroms had been carried out against Jews in Poland and Ukraine. Meir responded by organizing a protest march. The event, well-attended by both Jewish and Christian participants, received national publicity. More determined than ever to make the Jewish homeland a reality, Meir left school and moved to Chicago to work for the Poale Zion. Meyerson, who had moved to Milwaukee to be with Meir, later joined her in Chicago. In November 1917, the Zionist cause gained credibility when Great Britain issued the Balfour Declaration, announcing its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Within weeks, British troops entered Jerusalem and took control of the city from Turkish forces. Marriage and the Move to Palestine Passionate about her cause, Golda Meir, now 19 years old, finally agreed to marry Meyerson on the condition that he move with her to Palestine. Although he did not share her zeal for Zionism and didnt want to live in Palestine, Meyerson agreed to go because he loved her. The couple was married on December 24, 1917, in Milwaukee. Since they didn’t yet have the funds to emigrate, Meir continued her work for the Zionist cause, traveling by train across the United States to organize new chapters of the Poale Zion. Finally, in the spring of 1921, they had saved enough money for their trip. After bidding a tearful farewell to their families, Meir and Meyerson, accompanied by Meirs sister Sheyna and her two children, set sail from New York in May 1921. After a grueling two-month voyage, they arrived in Tel Aviv. The city, built in the suburbs of Arab Jaffa, had been founded in 1909 by a group of Jewish families. At the time of Meirs arrival, the population had grown to 15,000. Life on a Kibbutz Meir and Meyerson applied to live on Kibbutz Merhavia in northern Palestine but had difficulty getting accepted. Americans (although Russian-born, Meir was considered American) were believed too soft to endure the hard life of working on a kibbutz (a communal farm). Meir insisted on a trial period and proved the kibbutz committee wrong. She thrived on the hours of hard physical labor, often under primitive conditions. Meyerson, on the other hand, was miserable on the kibbutz. Admired for her powerful speeches, Meir was chosen by members of her community as their representative at the first kibbutz convention in 1922. Zionist leader David Ben-Gurion, present at the convention, also took notice of Meirs intelligence and competence. She quickly earned a place on the governing committee of her kibbutz. Meirs rise to leadership in the Zionist movement came to a halt in 1924 when Meyerson contracted malaria. Weakened, he could no longer tolerate the difficult life on the kibbutz. To Meirs great disappointment, they moved back to Tel Aviv. Parenthood and Domestic Life Once Meyerson recuperated, he and Meir moved to Jerusalem, where hed found a job. Meir gave birth to son Menachem in 1924 and daughter Sarah in 1926. Although she loved her family, Golda Meir found the responsibility of caring for children and keeping the house very unfulfilling. Meir longed to be involved again in political affairs. In 1928, Meir ran into a friend in Jerusalem who offered her the position of secretary of the Womens Labor Council for the Histadrut (the Labor Federation for Jewish workers in Palestine). She readily accepted. Meir created a program for teaching women to farm the barren land of Palestine and set up childcare that would enable women to work. Her job required that she travel to the United States and England, leaving her children for weeks at a time. The children missed their mother and wept when she left, while Meir struggled with guilt for leaving them. It was the final blow to her marriage. She and Meyerson became estranged, separating permanently in the late 1930s. They never divorced; Meyerson died in 1951. When her daughter became seriously ill with kidney disease in 1932, Golda Meir took her (along with son Menachem) to New York City for treatment. During their two years in the U.S., Meir worked as the national secretary of Pioneer Women in America, giving speeches and winning support for the Zionist cause. World War II and Rebellion Following Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany in 1933, the Nazis began to target Jews — at first for persecution and later for annihilation. Meir and other Jewish leaders pleaded with heads of state to allow Palestine to accept unlimited numbers of Jews. They received no support for that proposal, nor would any country commit to helping the Jews escape Hitler. The British in Palestine further tightened restrictions on Jewish immigration to appease Arab Palestinians, who resented the flood of Jewish immigrants. Meir and other Jewish leaders began a covert resistance movement against the British. Meir officially served during the war as a liaison between the British and the Jewish population of Palestine. She also worked unofficially to help transport immigrants illegally and to supply resistance fighters in Europe with weapons. Those refugees who made it out brought shocking news of Hitlers concentration camps. In 1945, near the end of World War II, the Allies liberated many of these camps and found evidence that six million Jews had been killed in the Holocaust. Still, Britain would not change Palestines immigration policy. The Jewish underground defense organization, Haganah, began to rebel openly, blowing up railroads throughout the country. Meir and others also rebelled by fasting in protest of British policies. A New Nation As violence intensified between British troops and the Haganah, Great Britain turned to the United Nations (U.N.) for help. In August 1947, a special U.N. committee recommended that Great Britain end its presence in Palestine and that the country is divided into an Arab state and a Jewish state. The resolution was endorsed by a majority of U.N. members and adopted in November 1947. Palestinian Jews accepted the plan, but the Arab League denounced it. Fighting broke out between the two groups, threatening to erupt into full-scale war. Meir and other Jewish leaders realized that their new nation would need money to arm itself. Meir, known for her passionate speeches, traveled to the United States on a fund-raising tour; in just six weeks she raised 50 million dollars for Israel. Amid growing concerns about an impending attack from Arab nations, Meir undertook a daring meeting with King Abdullah of Jordan in May 1948. In an attempt to convince the king not to join forces with the Arab League in attacking Israel, Meir secretly traveled to Jordan to meet with him, disguised as an Arab woman dressed in traditional robes and with her head and face covered. The dangerous journey, unfortunately, did not succeed. On May 14, 1948, British control of Palestine expired. The nation of Israel came into being with the signing of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, with Golda Meir as one of the 25 signers. First to formally recognize Israel was the United States. The next day, armies of neighboring Arab nations attacked Israel in the first of many Arab-Israeli wars. The U.N. called for a truce after two weeks of fighting. Rise to the Top Israel’s first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, appointed Meir as ambassador to the Soviet Union (now Russia) in September 1948. She stayed in the position only six months because the Soviets, who had virtually banned Judaism, were angered by Meirs attempts to inform Russian Jews about current events in Israel. Meir returned to Israel in March 1949, when Ben-Gurion named her Israels first minister of labor. Meir accomplished a great deal as labor minister, improving conditions for immigrants and armed forces. In June 1956, Golda Meir was made a foreign minister. At that time, Ben-Gurion requested that all foreign service workers take Hebrew names; thus Golda Meyerson became Golda Meir. (â€Å"Meir† means â€Å"to illuminate† in Hebrew.) Meir dealt with many difficult situations as foreign minister, beginning in July 1956, when Egypt seized the Suez Canal. Syria and Jordan joined forces with Egypt in their mission to weaken Israel. Despite a victory for the Israelis in the battle that followed, Israel was forced by the U.N.to return the territories they had gained in the conflict. In addition to her various positions in the Israeli government, Meir was also a member of the Knesset (Israeli parliament) from 1949 to 1974. Golda Meir Becomes Prime Minister In 1965, Meir retired from public life at the age of 67 but had only been gone a few months when she was called back to help mend rifts in the Mapai Party. Meir became secretary general of the party, which later merged into a joint Labor Party. When Prime Minister Levi Eshkol died suddenly on February 26, 1969, Meirs party appointed her to succeed him as prime minister. Meirs five-year term came during some of the most turbulent years in Middle Eastern history. She dealt with the repercussions of the Six-Day War (1967), during which Israel re-took the lands gained during the Suez-Sinai war. The Israeli victory led to further conflict with Arab nations and resulted in strained relations with other world leaders. Meir was also in charge of Israel’s response to the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, in which the Palestinian group called Black September took hostage and then killed eleven members of Israel’s Olympic team. The End of an Era Meir worked hard to bring peace to the region throughout her term, but to no avail. Her final downfall came during the Yom Kippur War, when Syrian and Egyptian forces waged a surprise attack on Israel in October 1973. Israeli casualties were high, leading to a call for Meirs resignation by members of the opposition party, who blamed Meirs government for being unprepared for the attack. Meir was nonetheless re-elected but chose to resign on April 10, 1974. She published her memoir, My Life, in 1975. Meir, who had been privately battling lymphatic cancer for 15 years, died on December 8, 1978, at the age of 80. Her dream of a peaceful Middle East has not yet been realized.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a matrix...

DEFINITION In the economic literature no one generally corresponding definition for the concept Matrix-Organisation exists. Nevertheless some general principles can be found: -While in the conventional organisation forms just one criterion is selected and used for the structure on a certain level, it is typical for the matrix organisation that simultaneously and with equal rights two or more structure features are taken into consideration. -Thereby emerges a mixed organisation form, which also contains a horizontal responsibility as an addition to the vertical hierarchy. Under the concept mixed organisation form it is understood, that more than one principle of the classic management theory with regard to the groups formation†¦show more content†¦For example, for establishing a new matrix post for a new product, there are function-dimensional specialists available who can integrate the new product into existing structures and, possibly, avail themselves of personnel from other product groups. Most of the time, the implementation of the matrix organisation comes together in that it lightens the burden on the top management, or a delegation of decisions to lower levels. Using the matrix organisation, a lot of competencies are delegated to the matrix posts and the relevant interface points. The matrix management is released from questions of co-ordination and advanced planning and can concentrate on important political decisions in the relevant area (company policy, section policy). Having a two or three-dimensional structure, the responsibility of the individual staff member is upgraded. In this way, the staff member isShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Outline the Main Ways in Which a Large Centralised Organisation Might Achieve a More Flexible Organised Structure. Using Examples, Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of Pursuing Greater Organisational Flexibility†1089 Words   |  5 Pagesmain ways in which a large centralised organisation might achieve a more flexible organised structure. Using examples, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing greater organisational flexibility† â€Å"The structures that organisations adopt are usually aligned to one of five generic organisational structures. These are the simple structure, the functional structure, the divisional structure, the holding company structure and the matrix structure. (Capon, C. 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Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero Free Essays

Mahatma Gandhi For me, a hero is someone who tries to make the world a better place. Christopher Paolini said, â€Å"Without fear there cannot be courage. † I agree there has to be fear before there is courage. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gandhi turned his fear into courage and decided to try to make the world a better place and as a result India gained its independence. It took conquering his fears and being a courageous hero in a peaceful way to be the leader of Indian nationalism during British rule. Gandhi fought for Indian rights. Click any fact to locate it on the web. Click Wrong? to report a problem. Cancel Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was given the holy name Mahatma which means Great Soul. He was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. In 1888, he sailed to England to study at the University College London and then the University of London where he studied Law. In 1893, he accepted a job in South Africa and in 1903 Gandhi opened a law firm in Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1906, Gandhi had his first protest in South Africa against anti-Indian laws and two years later he was imprisoned. In 1914, he returned to India where he became leader of the Indian National Congress (INC) supporting a plan using nonviolence to get independence. He was jailed from 1922 until 1924 for conspiracy. He was jailed again in 1930 for breaking India’s Salt Laws. In 1932, Gandhi started his famous â€Å"fast unto death† to protest British support of a new Indian constitution which gave India’s lowest classes, the â€Å"untouchables†, their separate political representation. Gandhi believed this would unfairly divide India’s social classes and he believed in equality. In 1942, Gandhi began the nationwide â€Å"Quit India† movement. Five years later, India became independent from the British. Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic on January 30, 1948 in Birla House in Delhi while at a prayer meeting. Early in his life, after seeing the misery of millions of his countrymen, thousands of them dying from starvation, Gandhi gave up all his money and spent his life helping the poor and the oppressed. He was the leader of the Indian nationalist group against the British rule and is commonly known as the father of his country. His strategy of a non-violent protest to get political and social progress has influenced many people. His program of peaceful non-cooperation with the British included boycotts of their goods and institutions which lead to arrests of thousands. In 1945, the British government began negotiations which ended with the formation of the two new independent states of India and Pakistan divided along religious lines. Gandhi was opposed to partition and fasted to try to bring harmony in Calcutta and Delhi. Ghandi once said, â€Å"In a gentle way, you can shake the world. This is exactly what he did. He made positive changes around him using peaceful ways. He also said, â€Å"I do not want to foresee the future. I am concerned with taking care of the present. God has given me no control over the moment following. † He did change his present; he changed what was happening during his life. He devoted his life to helping his countrymen gain independence and be treated as equals. This is why I believe Gandhi is a hero; he made the world a better place by being courageous, brave, a leader and a believer in being able to make a difference. How to cite Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero, Essay examples

Corporate Innovations and Mergers Acquisitions †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Innovations and Mergers Acquisitions. Answer: Introduction Amazon is a company that is regarded as a benchmark and pioneer in many of the marketing and business strategies, established in 1994 by Jeff Bezos, the company has gained exponential growth and goodwill in the past decade of its operation. The company has several services in the information technology sector; the owner of Amazon declares that his business strategy always revolves around the customers and the betterment of the consumers. The business is a pioneer in the e-business sector and all the services that has been provided by the company so far is all related to internet and does not have a physical presence. The decision of the company acquiring the organic food store chain is a ground breaking decision for the company. The company has been showing a growing interest in the grocery industry as the company has an online service of groceries itself, this acquisition will theoretically boost this sector of e-business for the company as well. Amazon has been a pioneer in using t he aggressive pricing strategy tactfully to build the business. There are three sectors that Amazon has been focusing on first is the e-commerce site then is the web services and thirdly the latest is video content generator (About Us, 2017). The acquisition of Whole Foods Market Inc. by Amazon is valued at $13.7 billion; this includes all the debts as well. Whole foods in the grocery industry is known for its high quality and supplying natural and organic products at a reasonable price, Amazon also follows the same objectives and concentrates on the customers as well. Therefore this acquisition doesnt change the values of the organizations. The vision of Whole Foods market is to make healthy eating fun and interesting. In the press release the CEO of Amazon Jeff Bezos has stated that the company wants to be a part of the legacy that Whole foods have been following. After this deal Amazon is going to hold control of 460 physical stores of grocery goods. This deal instantly spiked the value of Whole Foodsin the share market by 27%. The name of the company will remain the same as it carries a certain amount of brand value as well as goodwill it will be regarded as a separate entity under the companys banner. The management of the company will remain the same, the current CEO will run the business and the headquarters will also be where it initially was (Amazon to Buy Whole Foods for $13.7 Billion, 2017). Situation analysis- Strengths Goodwill: a reputation of a company is very important for the overall growth and development of the company. Amazon has over the years gathered reputation in terms of customer service, quality and also price of the product. The third party sellers also known as the vendors of the organization agree to the low cost structure of the company which in turn adds to the goodwill and flexibility from the vendors side as well. On the other hand Whole foods also have a good reputation in the industry as a supplier of natural and organic items in an affordable price tag. The amalgamation of both the brand names has added the interest of the loyal customers from both the brands. The goodwill of the company brings with it good press which has positively impacted this acquisition, resulting in the hike of the market value. The strong brand portfolio of the organizations will add to the merger and will benefit both the companies; this will further help Amazon in expanding in to other business as w ell (berg, 2014). Distribution network: As an e-commerce giant the distribution logistics of the company plays a significant role in the whole business process. This is a great strength for the company to be able to monitor the stores that are spread all over America. The resources that are available under Amazon will also boost the supply process of Whole foods as well. Skilled resources: the resources availability of Amazon is huge and there are people in the organization who understands the grocery market as the company already has an online presence which in turn also poses a serious threat to the offline grocery market. The industry s therefore not unknown to the company the difference in the system is huge. But the skill of the resources does not change with the online of offline presence of the market (Candra et al., 2015). Customer loyalty: both the companies have their own loyal customers, the dynamic and strategic marketing techniques of Amazon along with the vision of Whole food is going to serve the loyal customers in a premium way and is also going to help transform the potential customers into loyal ones (Ritala et al., 2014). Situation Analysis Weaknesses This venture will be the first physical business entity that Amazon will use and the dynamics that are applicable in the online market are different from the dynamics of business environment in the physical market and that is one of the biggest weakness, lack of experience form the companys behalf may prove in making wrong decisions and policies for the acquisition (Tanriverdi Uysal, 2015). This acquisition has not established its unique selling proposition or positioning in the market. The customers and other stakeholders may view this as a risk. The competition in this segment is huge and any scope of doubt can lead to reduction in the market share (Greve Zhang, 2017). Amazon and Whole Foods Acquisition does not yet have an record of the reaction in terms of acceptance from the consumers end of both the companies, internal feedback mechanism directly from sales team on ground is key to the understanding of the perspective of the people (Bena Li, 2014). Sustainable growth: Sustainability is one of the major opportunities that Amazon has with this acquisition. Whole foods are a brand that is popular in supplying healthy organic food items which adds to the goodwill of the company. New environmental policies: The new opportunities will create a level playing field for all the players in the industry. It represent a great opportunity for Amazon and Whole Foods Acquisition to drive home its advantage in new technology and gain market share in the new product category (Lebedev et al., 2015). Updated technology: Amazon is a company that believes in innovation and creativity in terms of technology and other business dynamic that affect the operations of the business. The company always develops new technology to support the business and that is going to boost the operation of the Whole foods in an exponential way (Marks Mirvis, 2015). Situation Analysis Threats Intense competition in the market: The completion in the grocery market is huge and the company has given tough resistance towards Wal-Mart, Target Corp. and Costco Wholesale Corp. Amazon has its own grocery store online which has been posing as a threat to offline stores as well. The value estimated for edible groceries is $674 billion U.S. market. Lack of experience: Amazon has three divisions in the products and services segment they have to offer, all of these are related to information technology and none of it has to do with offline business units, this acquisition is the first that the company has in offline business. The operations of the two business models are different and Amazon doesnt have any experience in running a physical business unit the key operation area of physical business model are different from running e-business (Feldman, 2016). Economic issues: Amazon is a multinational company and the it has business operations in a number of countries hence exposing the company to the dynamics of the economy of all the countries for example fluctuation in the value of currency, inflation rate etc (Almor et al., 2014). Recommendation Amazon is regarded as one of the largest corporation in the world. The multinational company is headed by the visionary leadership of Jeff Bezos who has recognized the power and influence of internet and information technology before most people could. The acquisition of the whole food chain is a big step for the organization. The declaration of the acquisition has proved the world the first step Amazon has taken towards physical business and the interest in the grocery food market. The instant hike in the market value has proved the prospect as well. The competitors have viewed it as one of the biggest threat that the industry has at the current time. The recommendations for the company after analyzing the SWOT regarding the acquisition of Whole Foods by Amazon are: the company should invest in a skill development workshop for the people who will be working in this division. New technologies can be innovated and created by Amazon to help and assist the customers of Whole Foods. Amaz on can come up with sales promotion strategies, for the customers of Whole foods like an introductory or an offer dedicated to the celebration of the acquisition giving some kind of offers or discounts to people. Amazon and Whole foods should focus on customer service and should employee the resources in improving it as this customer service and providing high quality product are the fundamental values of both the companies. If any glitch is found in this sector the competitors can easily take advantage of it. Reference list: About Us. (2017).amazon.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017, from https://www.amazon.com/p/feature/rzekmvyjojcp6uc Almor, T., Tarba, S. Y., Margalit, A. (2014). Maturing, technology-based, born-global companies: Surviving through mergers and acquisitions.Management International Review,54(4), 421-444. Amazon to Buy Whole Foods for $13.7 Billion. (2017).wsj.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-buy-whole-foods-for-13-7-billion-1497618446 Bena, J., Li, K. (2014). Corporate innovations and mergers and acquisitions.The Journal of Finance,69(5), 1923-1960. Candra, A., Pasasa, L. A., Simatupang, P. (2015, September). Analysis of factors determining enterprise value of company merger and acquisition: A case study of coal in Kalimantan, Indonesia. InAIP Conference Proceedings(Vol. 1677, No. 1, p. 120006). AIP Publishing. Feldman, E. R. (2016). Dual Directors and the Governance of Corporate Spinoffs.Academy of Management Journal,59(5), 1754-1776. Greve, H. R., Zhang, C. M. (2017). 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