Biography of Golda Meir, First Female Prime Minister of Israel

Golda Meirs deep commitment to the cause of Zionism determined the course of her life. She moved from Russia to Wisconsin when she was eight; then at age 23, she emigrated to what was then called Palestine with her husband. Once in Palestine, Golda Meir played vital roles in advocating for a Jewish state, including raising money for the cause. When Israel declared independence in 1948, Golda Meir was one of the 25 signers of this historic document. After serving as Israel’s ambassador to the Soviet Union, minister of labor, and foreign minister, Golda Meir became Israels fourth prime minister in 1969. She was also known as Golda Mabovitch (born as), Golda Meyerson, Iron Lady of Israel. Dates: May 3, 1898 — December 8, 1978 Early Childhood in Russia Golda Mabovitch (she would later change her surname to Meir in 1956) was born in the Jewish ghetto within Kiev in Russian Ukraine to Moshe and Blume Mabovitch. Moshe was a skilled carpenter whose services were in demand, but his wages were not always enough to keep his family fed. This was partly because clients would often refuse to pay him, something Moshe could do nothing about since Jews had no protection under Russian law. In late 19th century Russia, Czar Nicholas II made life very difficult for the Jewish people. The czar publicly blamed many of Russias problems on Jews and enacted harsh laws controlling where they could live and when — even whether — they could marry. Mobs of angry Russians often participated in pogroms, which were organized attacks against Jews that included the destruction of property, beatings, and murder. Goldas earliest memory was of her father boarding up the windows to defend their home from a violent mob. By 1903, Goldas father knew that his family was no longer safe in Russia. He sold his tools to pay for his passage to America by steamship; he then sent for his wife and daughters just over two years later, when he had earned enough money. A New Life in America In 1906, Golda, along with her mother (Blume) and sisters (Sheyna and Zipke), began their trip from Kiev to Milwaukee, Wisconsin to join Moshe. Their land journey through Europe included several days crossing Poland, Austria, and Belgium by train, during which they had to use fake passports and bribe a police officer. Then once on board a ship, they suffered through a difficult 14-day journey across the Atlantic. Once safely ensconced in Milwaukee, eight-year-old Golda was at first overwhelmed by the sights and sounds of the bustling city, but soon came to love living there. She was fascinated by the trolleys, skyscrapers, and other novelties, such as ice cream and soft drinks, that she hadn’t experienced back in Russia. Within weeks of their arrival, Blume started a small grocery store in the front of their house and insisted that Golda open the store every day. It was a duty that Golda resented since it caused her to be chronically late for school. Nevertheless, Golda did well in school, quickly learning English and making friends. There were early signs that Golda Meir was a strong leader. At eleven years old, Golda organized a fundraiser for students who could not afford to buy their textbooks. This event, which included Goldas first foray into public speaking, was a great success. Two years later, Golda Meir graduated from eighth grade, first in her class. Young Golda Meir Rebels Golda Meirs parents were proud of her achievements but considered eighth grade the completion of her education. They believed that a young womans primary goals were marriage and motherhood. Meir disagreed for she dreamed of becoming a teacher. Defying her parents, she enrolled in a public high school in 1912, paying for her supplies by working various jobs. Blume tried to force Golda to quit school and began to search for a future husband for the 14-year-old. Desperate, Meir wrote to her older sister Sheyna, who by then had moved to Denver with her husband. Sheyna convinced her sister to come to live with her and sent her money for train fare. One morning in 1912, Golda Meir left her house, ostensibly headed for school, but instead went to Union Station, where she boarded a train for Denver. Life in Denver Although she had hurt her parents deeply, Golda Meir had no regrets about her decision to move to Denver. She attended high school and mingled with members of Denvers Jewish community who met at her sisters apartment. Fellow immigrants, many of them Socialists and anarchists, were among the frequent visitors who came to debate the issues of the day. Golda Meir listened attentively to discussions about Zionism, a movement whose goal it was to build a Jewish state in Palestine. She admired the passion the Zionists felt for their cause and soon came to adopt their vision of a national homeland for Jews as her own. Meir found herself drawn to one of the quieter visitors to her sisters home — soft-spoken 21-year-old Morris Meyerson, a Lithuanian immigrant. The two shyly confessed their love for one another and Meyerson proposed marriage. At 16, Meir was not ready to marry, despite what her parents thought, but promised Meyerson she would one day become his wife. Return to Milwaukee In 1914, Golda Meir received a letter from her father, begging her to return home to Milwaukee; Golda’s mother was ill, apparently partly from the stress of Golda having left home. Meir honored her parents wishes, even though it meant leaving Meyerson behind. The couple wrote each other frequently, and Meyerson made plans to move to Milwaukee. Meirs parents had softened somewhat in the interim; this time, they allowed Meir to attend high school. Shortly after graduating in 1916, Meir registered at the Milwaukee Teachers Training College. During this time, Meir also became involved with the Zionist group Poale Zion, a radical political organization. Full membership in the group required a commitment to emigrate to Palestine. Meir committed in 1915 that she would one day immigrate to Palestine. She was 17 years old. World War I and the Balfour Declaration As World War I progressed, violence against European Jews escalated. Working for the Jewish Relief Society, Meir and her family helped raise money for European war victims. The Mabovitch home also became a gathering place for prominent members of the Jewish community. In 1917, news arrived from Europe that a wave of deadly pogroms had been carried out against Jews in Poland and Ukraine. Meir responded by organizing a protest march. The event, well-attended by both Jewish and Christian participants, received national publicity. More determined than ever to make the Jewish homeland a reality, Meir left school and moved to Chicago to work for the Poale Zion. Meyerson, who had moved to Milwaukee to be with Meir, later joined her in Chicago. In November 1917, the Zionist cause gained credibility when Great Britain issued the Balfour Declaration, announcing its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Within weeks, British troops entered Jerusalem and took control of the city from Turkish forces. Marriage and the Move to Palestine Passionate about her cause, Golda Meir, now 19 years old, finally agreed to marry Meyerson on the condition that he move with her to Palestine. Although he did not share her zeal for Zionism and didnt want to live in Palestine, Meyerson agreed to go because he loved her. The couple was married on December 24, 1917, in Milwaukee. Since they didn’t yet have the funds to emigrate, Meir continued her work for the Zionist cause, traveling by train across the United States to organize new chapters of the Poale Zion. Finally, in the spring of 1921, they had saved enough money for their trip. After bidding a tearful farewell to their families, Meir and Meyerson, accompanied by Meirs sister Sheyna and her two children, set sail from New York in May 1921. After a grueling two-month voyage, they arrived in Tel Aviv. The city, built in the suburbs of Arab Jaffa, had been founded in 1909 by a group of Jewish families. At the time of Meirs arrival, the population had grown to 15,000. Life on a Kibbutz Meir and Meyerson applied to live on Kibbutz Merhavia in northern Palestine but had difficulty getting accepted. Americans (although Russian-born, Meir was considered American) were believed too soft to endure the hard life of working on a kibbutz (a communal farm). Meir insisted on a trial period and proved the kibbutz committee wrong. She thrived on the hours of hard physical labor, often under primitive conditions. Meyerson, on the other hand, was miserable on the kibbutz. Admired for her powerful speeches, Meir was chosen by members of her community as their representative at the first kibbutz convention in 1922. Zionist leader David Ben-Gurion, present at the convention, also took notice of Meirs intelligence and competence. She quickly earned a place on the governing committee of her kibbutz. Meirs rise to leadership in the Zionist movement came to a halt in 1924 when Meyerson contracted malaria. Weakened, he could no longer tolerate the difficult life on the kibbutz. To Meirs great disappointment, they moved back to Tel Aviv. Parenthood and Domestic Life Once Meyerson recuperated, he and Meir moved to Jerusalem, where hed found a job. Meir gave birth to son Menachem in 1924 and daughter Sarah in 1926. Although she loved her family, Golda Meir found the responsibility of caring for children and keeping the house very unfulfilling. Meir longed to be involved again in political affairs. In 1928, Meir ran into a friend in Jerusalem who offered her the position of secretary of the Womens Labor Council for the Histadrut (the Labor Federation for Jewish workers in Palestine). She readily accepted. Meir created a program for teaching women to farm the barren land of Palestine and set up childcare that would enable women to work. Her job required that she travel to the United States and England, leaving her children for weeks at a time. The children missed their mother and wept when she left, while Meir struggled with guilt for leaving them. It was the final blow to her marriage. She and Meyerson became estranged, separating permanently in the late 1930s. They never divorced; Meyerson died in 1951. When her daughter became seriously ill with kidney disease in 1932, Golda Meir took her (along with son Menachem) to New York City for treatment. During their two years in the U.S., Meir worked as the national secretary of Pioneer Women in America, giving speeches and winning support for the Zionist cause. World War II and Rebellion Following Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany in 1933, the Nazis began to target Jews — at first for persecution and later for annihilation. Meir and other Jewish leaders pleaded with heads of state to allow Palestine to accept unlimited numbers of Jews. They received no support for that proposal, nor would any country commit to helping the Jews escape Hitler. The British in Palestine further tightened restrictions on Jewish immigration to appease Arab Palestinians, who resented the flood of Jewish immigrants. Meir and other Jewish leaders began a covert resistance movement against the British. Meir officially served during the war as a liaison between the British and the Jewish population of Palestine. She also worked unofficially to help transport immigrants illegally and to supply resistance fighters in Europe with weapons. Those refugees who made it out brought shocking news of Hitlers concentration camps. In 1945, near the end of World War II, the Allies liberated many of these camps and found evidence that six million Jews had been killed in the Holocaust. Still, Britain would not change Palestines immigration policy. The Jewish underground defense organization, Haganah, began to rebel openly, blowing up railroads throughout the country. Meir and others also rebelled by fasting in protest of British policies. A New Nation As violence intensified between British troops and the Haganah, Great Britain turned to the United Nations (U.N.) for help. In August 1947, a special U.N. committee recommended that Great Britain end its presence in Palestine and that the country is divided into an Arab state and a Jewish state. The resolution was endorsed by a majority of U.N. members and adopted in November 1947. Palestinian Jews accepted the plan, but the Arab League denounced it. Fighting broke out between the two groups, threatening to erupt into full-scale war. Meir and other Jewish leaders realized that their new nation would need money to arm itself. Meir, known for her passionate speeches, traveled to the United States on a fund-raising tour; in just six weeks she raised 50 million dollars for Israel. Amid growing concerns about an impending attack from Arab nations, Meir undertook a daring meeting with King Abdullah of Jordan in May 1948. In an attempt to convince the king not to join forces with the Arab League in attacking Israel, Meir secretly traveled to Jordan to meet with him, disguised as an Arab woman dressed in traditional robes and with her head and face covered. The dangerous journey, unfortunately, did not succeed. On May 14, 1948, British control of Palestine expired. The nation of Israel came into being with the signing of the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, with Golda Meir as one of the 25 signers. First to formally recognize Israel was the United States. The next day, armies of neighboring Arab nations attacked Israel in the first of many Arab-Israeli wars. The U.N. called for a truce after two weeks of fighting. Rise to the Top Israel’s first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, appointed Meir as ambassador to the Soviet Union (now Russia) in September 1948. She stayed in the position only six months because the Soviets, who had virtually banned Judaism, were angered by Meirs attempts to inform Russian Jews about current events in Israel. Meir returned to Israel in March 1949, when Ben-Gurion named her Israels first minister of labor. Meir accomplished a great deal as labor minister, improving conditions for immigrants and armed forces. In June 1956, Golda Meir was made a foreign minister. At that time, Ben-Gurion requested that all foreign service workers take Hebrew names; thus Golda Meyerson became Golda Meir. (â€Å"Meir† means â€Å"to illuminate† in Hebrew.) Meir dealt with many difficult situations as foreign minister, beginning in July 1956, when Egypt seized the Suez Canal. Syria and Jordan joined forces with Egypt in their mission to weaken Israel. Despite a victory for the Israelis in the battle that followed, Israel was forced by the U.N.to return the territories they had gained in the conflict. In addition to her various positions in the Israeli government, Meir was also a member of the Knesset (Israeli parliament) from 1949 to 1974. Golda Meir Becomes Prime Minister In 1965, Meir retired from public life at the age of 67 but had only been gone a few months when she was called back to help mend rifts in the Mapai Party. Meir became secretary general of the party, which later merged into a joint Labor Party. When Prime Minister Levi Eshkol died suddenly on February 26, 1969, Meirs party appointed her to succeed him as prime minister. Meirs five-year term came during some of the most turbulent years in Middle Eastern history. She dealt with the repercussions of the Six-Day War (1967), during which Israel re-took the lands gained during the Suez-Sinai war. The Israeli victory led to further conflict with Arab nations and resulted in strained relations with other world leaders. Meir was also in charge of Israel’s response to the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre, in which the Palestinian group called Black September took hostage and then killed eleven members of Israel’s Olympic team. The End of an Era Meir worked hard to bring peace to the region throughout her term, but to no avail. Her final downfall came during the Yom Kippur War, when Syrian and Egyptian forces waged a surprise attack on Israel in October 1973. Israeli casualties were high, leading to a call for Meirs resignation by members of the opposition party, who blamed Meirs government for being unprepared for the attack. Meir was nonetheless re-elected but chose to resign on April 10, 1974. She published her memoir, My Life, in 1975. Meir, who had been privately battling lymphatic cancer for 15 years, died on December 8, 1978, at the age of 80. Her dream of a peaceful Middle East has not yet been realized.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a matrix...

DEFINITION In the economic literature no one generally corresponding definition for the concept Matrix-Organisation exists. Nevertheless some general principles can be found: -While in the conventional organisation forms just one criterion is selected and used for the structure on a certain level, it is typical for the matrix organisation that simultaneously and with equal rights two or more structure features are taken into consideration. -Thereby emerges a mixed organisation form, which also contains a horizontal responsibility as an addition to the vertical hierarchy. Under the concept mixed organisation form it is understood, that more than one principle of the classic management theory with regard to the groups formation†¦show more content†¦For example, for establishing a new matrix post for a new product, there are function-dimensional specialists available who can integrate the new product into existing structures and, possibly, avail themselves of personnel from other product groups. Most of the time, the implementation of the matrix organisation comes together in that it lightens the burden on the top management, or a delegation of decisions to lower levels. Using the matrix organisation, a lot of competencies are delegated to the matrix posts and the relevant interface points. The matrix management is released from questions of co-ordination and advanced planning and can concentrate on important political decisions in the relevant area (company policy, section policy). Having a two or three-dimensional structure, the responsibility of the individual staff member is upgraded. In this way, the staff member isShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Outline the Main Ways in Which a Large Centralised Organisation Might Achieve a More Flexible Organised Structure. Using Examples, Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of Pursuing Greater Organisational Flexibility†1089 Words   |  5 Pagesmain ways in which a large centralised organisation might achieve a more flexible organised structure. Using examples, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing greater organisational flexibility† â€Å"The structures that organisations adopt are usually aligned to one of five generic organisational structures. These are the simple structure, the functional structure, the divisional structure, the holding company structure and the matrix structure. (Capon, C. 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Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero Free Essays

Mahatma Gandhi For me, a hero is someone who tries to make the world a better place. Christopher Paolini said, â€Å"Without fear there cannot be courage. † I agree there has to be fear before there is courage. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gandhi turned his fear into courage and decided to try to make the world a better place and as a result India gained its independence. It took conquering his fears and being a courageous hero in a peaceful way to be the leader of Indian nationalism during British rule. Gandhi fought for Indian rights. Click any fact to locate it on the web. Click Wrong? to report a problem. Cancel Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was given the holy name Mahatma which means Great Soul. He was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. In 1888, he sailed to England to study at the University College London and then the University of London where he studied Law. In 1893, he accepted a job in South Africa and in 1903 Gandhi opened a law firm in Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1906, Gandhi had his first protest in South Africa against anti-Indian laws and two years later he was imprisoned. In 1914, he returned to India where he became leader of the Indian National Congress (INC) supporting a plan using nonviolence to get independence. He was jailed from 1922 until 1924 for conspiracy. He was jailed again in 1930 for breaking India’s Salt Laws. In 1932, Gandhi started his famous â€Å"fast unto death† to protest British support of a new Indian constitution which gave India’s lowest classes, the â€Å"untouchables†, their separate political representation. Gandhi believed this would unfairly divide India’s social classes and he believed in equality. In 1942, Gandhi began the nationwide â€Å"Quit India† movement. Five years later, India became independent from the British. Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic on January 30, 1948 in Birla House in Delhi while at a prayer meeting. Early in his life, after seeing the misery of millions of his countrymen, thousands of them dying from starvation, Gandhi gave up all his money and spent his life helping the poor and the oppressed. He was the leader of the Indian nationalist group against the British rule and is commonly known as the father of his country. His strategy of a non-violent protest to get political and social progress has influenced many people. His program of peaceful non-cooperation with the British included boycotts of their goods and institutions which lead to arrests of thousands. In 1945, the British government began negotiations which ended with the formation of the two new independent states of India and Pakistan divided along religious lines. Gandhi was opposed to partition and fasted to try to bring harmony in Calcutta and Delhi. Ghandi once said, â€Å"In a gentle way, you can shake the world. This is exactly what he did. He made positive changes around him using peaceful ways. He also said, â€Å"I do not want to foresee the future. I am concerned with taking care of the present. God has given me no control over the moment following. † He did change his present; he changed what was happening during his life. He devoted his life to helping his countrymen gain independence and be treated as equals. This is why I believe Gandhi is a hero; he made the world a better place by being courageous, brave, a leader and a believer in being able to make a difference. How to cite Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero, Essay examples

Corporate Innovations and Mergers Acquisitions †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Innovations and Mergers Acquisitions. Answer: Introduction Amazon is a company that is regarded as a benchmark and pioneer in many of the marketing and business strategies, established in 1994 by Jeff Bezos, the company has gained exponential growth and goodwill in the past decade of its operation. The company has several services in the information technology sector; the owner of Amazon declares that his business strategy always revolves around the customers and the betterment of the consumers. The business is a pioneer in the e-business sector and all the services that has been provided by the company so far is all related to internet and does not have a physical presence. The decision of the company acquiring the organic food store chain is a ground breaking decision for the company. The company has been showing a growing interest in the grocery industry as the company has an online service of groceries itself, this acquisition will theoretically boost this sector of e-business for the company as well. Amazon has been a pioneer in using t he aggressive pricing strategy tactfully to build the business. There are three sectors that Amazon has been focusing on first is the e-commerce site then is the web services and thirdly the latest is video content generator (About Us, 2017). The acquisition of Whole Foods Market Inc. by Amazon is valued at $13.7 billion; this includes all the debts as well. Whole foods in the grocery industry is known for its high quality and supplying natural and organic products at a reasonable price, Amazon also follows the same objectives and concentrates on the customers as well. Therefore this acquisition doesnt change the values of the organizations. The vision of Whole Foods market is to make healthy eating fun and interesting. In the press release the CEO of Amazon Jeff Bezos has stated that the company wants to be a part of the legacy that Whole foods have been following. After this deal Amazon is going to hold control of 460 physical stores of grocery goods. This deal instantly spiked the value of Whole Foodsin the share market by 27%. The name of the company will remain the same as it carries a certain amount of brand value as well as goodwill it will be regarded as a separate entity under the companys banner. The management of the company will remain the same, the current CEO will run the business and the headquarters will also be where it initially was (Amazon to Buy Whole Foods for $13.7 Billion, 2017). Situation analysis- Strengths Goodwill: a reputation of a company is very important for the overall growth and development of the company. Amazon has over the years gathered reputation in terms of customer service, quality and also price of the product. The third party sellers also known as the vendors of the organization agree to the low cost structure of the company which in turn adds to the goodwill and flexibility from the vendors side as well. On the other hand Whole foods also have a good reputation in the industry as a supplier of natural and organic items in an affordable price tag. The amalgamation of both the brand names has added the interest of the loyal customers from both the brands. The goodwill of the company brings with it good press which has positively impacted this acquisition, resulting in the hike of the market value. The strong brand portfolio of the organizations will add to the merger and will benefit both the companies; this will further help Amazon in expanding in to other business as w ell (berg, 2014). Distribution network: As an e-commerce giant the distribution logistics of the company plays a significant role in the whole business process. This is a great strength for the company to be able to monitor the stores that are spread all over America. The resources that are available under Amazon will also boost the supply process of Whole foods as well. Skilled resources: the resources availability of Amazon is huge and there are people in the organization who understands the grocery market as the company already has an online presence which in turn also poses a serious threat to the offline grocery market. The industry s therefore not unknown to the company the difference in the system is huge. But the skill of the resources does not change with the online of offline presence of the market (Candra et al., 2015). Customer loyalty: both the companies have their own loyal customers, the dynamic and strategic marketing techniques of Amazon along with the vision of Whole food is going to serve the loyal customers in a premium way and is also going to help transform the potential customers into loyal ones (Ritala et al., 2014). Situation Analysis Weaknesses This venture will be the first physical business entity that Amazon will use and the dynamics that are applicable in the online market are different from the dynamics of business environment in the physical market and that is one of the biggest weakness, lack of experience form the companys behalf may prove in making wrong decisions and policies for the acquisition (Tanriverdi Uysal, 2015). This acquisition has not established its unique selling proposition or positioning in the market. The customers and other stakeholders may view this as a risk. The competition in this segment is huge and any scope of doubt can lead to reduction in the market share (Greve Zhang, 2017). Amazon and Whole Foods Acquisition does not yet have an record of the reaction in terms of acceptance from the consumers end of both the companies, internal feedback mechanism directly from sales team on ground is key to the understanding of the perspective of the people (Bena Li, 2014). Sustainable growth: Sustainability is one of the major opportunities that Amazon has with this acquisition. Whole foods are a brand that is popular in supplying healthy organic food items which adds to the goodwill of the company. New environmental policies: The new opportunities will create a level playing field for all the players in the industry. It represent a great opportunity for Amazon and Whole Foods Acquisition to drive home its advantage in new technology and gain market share in the new product category (Lebedev et al., 2015). Updated technology: Amazon is a company that believes in innovation and creativity in terms of technology and other business dynamic that affect the operations of the business. The company always develops new technology to support the business and that is going to boost the operation of the Whole foods in an exponential way (Marks Mirvis, 2015). Situation Analysis Threats Intense competition in the market: The completion in the grocery market is huge and the company has given tough resistance towards Wal-Mart, Target Corp. and Costco Wholesale Corp. Amazon has its own grocery store online which has been posing as a threat to offline stores as well. The value estimated for edible groceries is $674 billion U.S. market. Lack of experience: Amazon has three divisions in the products and services segment they have to offer, all of these are related to information technology and none of it has to do with offline business units, this acquisition is the first that the company has in offline business. The operations of the two business models are different and Amazon doesnt have any experience in running a physical business unit the key operation area of physical business model are different from running e-business (Feldman, 2016). Economic issues: Amazon is a multinational company and the it has business operations in a number of countries hence exposing the company to the dynamics of the economy of all the countries for example fluctuation in the value of currency, inflation rate etc (Almor et al., 2014). Recommendation Amazon is regarded as one of the largest corporation in the world. The multinational company is headed by the visionary leadership of Jeff Bezos who has recognized the power and influence of internet and information technology before most people could. The acquisition of the whole food chain is a big step for the organization. The declaration of the acquisition has proved the world the first step Amazon has taken towards physical business and the interest in the grocery food market. The instant hike in the market value has proved the prospect as well. The competitors have viewed it as one of the biggest threat that the industry has at the current time. The recommendations for the company after analyzing the SWOT regarding the acquisition of Whole Foods by Amazon are: the company should invest in a skill development workshop for the people who will be working in this division. New technologies can be innovated and created by Amazon to help and assist the customers of Whole Foods. Amaz on can come up with sales promotion strategies, for the customers of Whole foods like an introductory or an offer dedicated to the celebration of the acquisition giving some kind of offers or discounts to people. Amazon and Whole foods should focus on customer service and should employee the resources in improving it as this customer service and providing high quality product are the fundamental values of both the companies. If any glitch is found in this sector the competitors can easily take advantage of it. Reference list: About Us. (2017).amazon.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017, from https://www.amazon.com/p/feature/rzekmvyjojcp6uc Almor, T., Tarba, S. Y., Margalit, A. (2014). Maturing, technology-based, born-global companies: Surviving through mergers and acquisitions.Management International Review,54(4), 421-444. Amazon to Buy Whole Foods for $13.7 Billion. (2017).wsj.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-buy-whole-foods-for-13-7-billion-1497618446 Bena, J., Li, K. (2014). Corporate innovations and mergers and acquisitions.The Journal of Finance,69(5), 1923-1960. Candra, A., Pasasa, L. A., Simatupang, P. (2015, September). Analysis of factors determining enterprise value of company merger and acquisition: A case study of coal in Kalimantan, Indonesia. InAIP Conference Proceedings(Vol. 1677, No. 1, p. 120006). AIP Publishing. Feldman, E. R. (2016). Dual Directors and the Governance of Corporate Spinoffs.Academy of Management Journal,59(5), 1754-1776. Greve, H. R., Zhang, C. M. (2017). Institutional logics and power sources: Merger and acquisition decisions.Academy of Management Journal,60(2), 671-694. Lebedev, S., Peng, M. W., Xie, E., Stevens, C. E. (2015). Mergers and acquisitions in and out of emerging economies.Journal of World Business,50(4), 651-662. Marks, M. L., Mirvis, P. H. (2015). Managing the precombination phase of mergers and acquisitions. InAdvances in Mergers and Acquisitions(pp. 1-15). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. berg, C. (2014). Customer roles in mergers and acquisitions: a systematic literature review. InAdvances in Mergers and Acquisitions(pp. 59-74). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Ritala, P., Golnam, A., Wegmann, A. (2014). Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), 236-249. Tanriverdi, H., Uysal, V. B. (2015). When IT capabilities are not scale-free in merger and acquisition integrations: how do capital markets react to IT capability asymmetries between acquirer and target?.European Journal of Information Systems,24(2), 145-158.

Human Sexuality How Do Men and Women Differ free essay sample

In Human Sexuality: How do Men and Women Differ? , Peplau educates his readers on the different sexual natures of males and females (Peplau, 2003). About 100 years ago, it was believed that men and women had very different sexual natures but because of more recent research we are now learning that this is not necessarily true (Peplau, 2003). Masters and Johnson (1966) developed an experiment that forced a human sexual response cycle that can be used for both males and females (Peplau, 2003). Research on different parts of human sexuality have come up with four ifferences between males and females that are wide-ranging, affect behavior and apply to all types of men and women (Peplau, 2003). Sexual desire is one difference and is the longing to be sexually involved with objects, activities, or people (Peplau, 2003). Research shows that men long to be sexually involved more than women and have a higher and stronger feeling of sexual desire (Peplau, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sexuality: How Do Men and Women Differ? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Research also shows that, with males, visuals can help ease their sexual desires so they are likely to buy products and engage in activities more han women (Peplau, 2003). Males are also more likely to masturbate because they can control when it gets done (Peplau, 2003). In all examples between gays, lesbians, and heterosexuals the men push to have sex more often because their sexual desires are higher than womens (Peplau, 2003). Another difference would be the difference in attitudes toward premarital and extramarital sex (Peplau, 2003). In an experiment done with Regan and Berscheid (1999) they asked both men and women to define sexual desire (Peplau, 2003). The omens responses showed that they linked sexual desire to a more committed relationship and looked at it in a more loving way whereas the males were more into the physical pleasure that intercourse brings (Peplau, 2003). Womens sexual fantasies are proven to include people that they know and mens are more likely to include all kinds of people and specific parts of sexual intercourse that they favor (Peplau, 2003). When it comes to sexual desires gay men are likely to have similar attitudes of heterosexual males and lesbians seem to be similar to the heterosexual oman (Peplau, 2003). Research shows that there is a connection between a persons sexuality and how aggressive they are (Peplau, 2003). Anderson, Cyranowski, and Espindle did an experiment testing the sexual self-concepts of men and women (Peplau, 2003). The men had similar sexual self-concepts of each other which contained signs of aggression; the women did not show these similar signs (Peplau, 2003). It is proven that women are more flexible when it comes to having sex and their sexual ways can change based on what is going on in their lives and around them (Peplau, 2003). Men are less flexible and they are more likely to find ways to try to have sex consistently to fill their sexual desires (Peplau, 2003). The differences in sexual ways between the two genders allow us to notice how certain people act in relationships. Although the information was mostly based on be safe to say that these findings are a good start to trying to understand the sexuality of males and females (Peplau, 2003). The article, Human Sexuality: How do Men and Women Differ? , expands of the drive reduction theory when talking about sexual desire. In the drive reduction theory sexual desire can motivate people to act in ways that minimize aversive states to maintain homeostasis in the body. It also supports what we have discussed in class about motivation. Motivation are the psychological drives that propel us in a specific direction, and sex is one of the most powerful motivators. In class we learned that social norms shape the way people express sexual desires. Cultural display rules can affect the way people behave, and the research that was done has been mostly conducted with white Americans; if the experiment ad been done using other cultures the results may have been different due to the social norms of different countries and people. An idea that was introduced that went beyond the material that we learned in class is sexual plasticity. After reading about this subject it makes perfect sense and I can use an example for the term. One of my friends was in a committed relationship for a long period of time and the couple had sex almost daily. When they broke up, the female had no problem not continuing to have sex because the boy was no onger in her life, but the male went and got a new girlfriend and said it was because he could not handle the complete loss of sex because his desire was too high. This supports the idea of sexual plasticity because the women was able to be flexible and completely stop having sex whereas the man could not because they like to be consistent with their amount of sex (Peplau, 2003). References Peplau, L. A. (2003). Human Sexuality: how do men and women differ? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1 2(2), 37-40.

Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain Essays - Lead Guitarists, Courtney Love

Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain Essays - Lead Guitarists, Courtney Love Jimi Hendrix Vs, Kurt Cobain History has always been marked by great music. Every generation has its own unique genre; from classical to swing, people have always found a song or a melody that seemed as if it was written just for them. However, truly great music is created by a certain type of genius. It takes more than the average guy to forge a classic like Stairway to Heaven. Two men in the late twentieth century were such masterminds: Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain. While both will live forever in musical infamy, they will remain legends for different reasons. One of the most important factors in becoming a rock legend is bringing about a revolution, opening people to something bold and new. Kurt Cobain, along with his band, Nirvana, changed rock music forever. In a time when music was becoming mass-produced, emotionless muck, Cobain brought about something that was repulsively beautiful and alive. He introduced grunge rock to the world: music filled with screaming distortion, tremendous angst, and overwhelming passion rarely seen from the generation that invented the term whatever. Nevertheless, let us not forget a similar revolution, which took place over a decade earlier. In an era when hippies wandered free and drugs were just mind expanding, another such musical phenomenon occurred. A young black man caught the ear of millions with his awe-inspiring guitar tunes. This man was Jimi Hendrix. Unlike Cobain, Hendrix wrote music to support and inspire his followers, as opposed to creating a method of shock treatment through music. Hendrix created brilliant melodies along with lyrics that touched the hearts of all who would listen. One habit that both musicians shared was the ability to excite and invigorate listeners, especially live audiences. Cobain had the ability to make thousands of slackers stand up and scream for more. Throughout his many tours, Cobain always arrived to a packed venue filled with fans, many of which had probably spent the night in line waiting for tickets and the chance to see something momentous. Hendrixs career consisted of more festival type tours, where he was allowed to reach a wider variety of listeners, while still holding the faith of his steadfast fans. Hendrix had a particular talent for playing the guitar. He would delight and thrill onlookers by playing with his toes or his teeth, or while spinning around on the ground. Both were great performers who knew how to put on a show. Their greatest common characteristic was in how they ended the performance; they would completely trash the stage from which they played. Smashing guitars, tipping drum sets, and even setting fire to t he instruments were some their memorable methods of concluding a performance. These great musicians were also great lyricists. Both have songs which remain on the top countdowns to this day, although Hendrix died almost 20 years ago and Cobain passed in 1994. Cobain left a legacy of haunting tunes such as Come As You Are, Polly, and Heart Shaped Box. Kurt used the pain from a broken family and a painful life to give birth to remarkable songs, which allowed so many disillusioned teens to find a kin spirit in his words. Hendrix also composed many amazing pieces, such as The Wind Cries Mary, All Along the Watchtower, and Purple Haze. His music held enthusiasm and a fire rarely seen in such a form. Although they both had numerous great hits, both had one great song that would characterize their music careers forever. For Jimi Hendrix, it was his guitar interpretation of the National Anthem, while Cobains was his first hit Smells Like Teen Spirit. These great men helped shape our culture and gave the youth of their time something to believe in, someone who knew how it felt, and someone to give them hope. Jimi Hendrix taught people that great music comes in all different forms. Whether its a soft rhapsody or a devilish guitar tune, music is what drives us. Kurt Cobain failed to teach us anything, but he did wake up a sleepy generation. He inspired millions of kids to go out and start their own garage bands, but most importantly his music related to them. The lyrics from his most popular song describe

Australian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Australian Economy - Essay Example This  context  illustrates how successful the Australian Government and the Reserve Bank of Australia have been in running the Australian economy. It also describes and evaluates the  main  macroeconomic policies used by the Australian Government and the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). A). How Successful have the Australian Government and the Reserve Bank of Australia been in Running the Australian Economy over the last two years? In the last two years, Australia has had a  sound  economic  running. Australia’s  constructive  outlook  is maintained  by its strong financial position. A continued  phase  of Government  budget  spares has allowed the Australian Government, and  several  state levels Government to  retreat  vast quantities of Government arrears. Net Government arrears  were eradicated  in 2005-06 making Australia a net creditor. In May 2008, the Australian Government obligated to a  budget  spare  equal  to 1.8 pe r cent of GDP, some $21.7 billion. Australian’s self-regulating central bank, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), is  accountable  for  financial  policy, in  fastidious  to  keep  user  price  increase  between two and three percent, on standard, over business phases (Foley, 2009: 1). Australia has advanced  fiscal  structure. Australia possesses a  sound  and  realistic  structure  of  economic  regulations and organizations that provides  assurance  for  commerce  and is  open  to savings without unnecessary delay. There is a  tough, transparent,  commercial  governance  scheme  together with business-oriented  commercial  regulation  and  bankruptcy  managements. Australia’s long and  wide  period  of  financial  development  has  broadened its infrastructure  competence  to the edge. Identifying the potential  competence  restraints consequential from this crisis, the Go vernment devoted in 2008 to making an  organization  named Infrastructure Australia, to  offer  a  fresh, national  method  to planning, supporting and implementing the future infrastructure needs of the nation. Safe,  steady  and  successful, Australia is a progressively more attractive  heart  for global and local  commercial  operations (Glynn, 2010: 1). The population of Australia is changing, not only the  expansion  and  general  size of the population, but  significantly  where people reside and the structure of the  population  in terms of skills, age and  literary  background. In order to  adjust  to change and  form  sustainable societies, people  are supposed  to incorporate environmental,  communal  and economic factors to  offer  present  and upcoming generations with the  chance  to  lead  strong  and  satisfying  lives. The manner in which  government  plans and programs  facilit ate  to  shape  and react to changes in the population will be a  vital  element in attaining a more sustainable Australia.  In the 2010 election, the Government of Australia reaffirmed its  obligation  to the growth of a Sustainable Population Strategy. This is important because the Australian Government was able to  manage  its economy with reference to the population of Australia. Good Australian’s Governance has helped in the development of economy in Australia in the last two years. Lives have significantly improved, as there is a

America and it's role in the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

America and it's role in the world - Essay Example Bush moved quickly to stimulate on the fear created by the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The result was a manufactured hysteria that created a situation in which the American public became easily manipulated to blindly accept any measures that promised greater security against the threat of another attack. Pres. Bush wasted little time in applying pressure on Congress to pass legislation that intended to loosen restrictions on civil liberties and constitutional rights under the guise of expanding the ability of law enforcement to investigate terrorist activity and only terrorist activity. The Patriot Act made it possible for investigators to more easily get search warrants and conduct eavesdropping. It also allows detainees to be held indefinitely and has led to racial profiling that has resulted in the detention of Middle Eastern immigrants for no other cause than that they resemble known terrorists (Finan 275). In other words, American has traded it in its longstanding tradition of fairness and equality for all in exchange for the security that comes with identifying criminals by the way they appear. Of course, because the crime is terrorism and because the criminals behind the act that ignited these crimes possessed a definite ethnic stereotypical appearance, it becomes easier to a ccept. How easily would Americans accept the idea of detaining anyone who looks British or French The sacrifice of liberties clearly has a racially discriminatory tone to it that proves that despite the election of a black man as President, the United States still has a long path to walk before the issue of judging a person based on appearance is thoroughly addressed. The argument that easy facilitation of search warrants is an incredibly powerful weapon in the war on terror is not the argument that is at stake at this point; increasingly the evidence is piling up that the abuse of the relaxation of rules regarding search warrants has been used not to protect American against a second attack by foreign terrorists, but to justify the invasion of the privacy of law abiding Americans with no connection to terrorism whatever. Sec. 206 of the Patriot Act allowed law enforcement agencies for the first time to require just a single warrant that would cover the wiretapping of a home phone, a cell phone, and a computer (Schermer 107). While the intent of such broad rewriting of the existing laws regarding wiretapping surveillance was to make it easier to investigate suspected terrorists, the most infamous example related to the expansion of surveillance laws resulted in an artist named Steve Kurtz being brought in for questioning on a very shaky foundatio n of suspicion that that bioterrorist weapons could be created from the ingredients he used in his art supplies. Under the auspices of the Patriot Act, and by definition under the concept that security means being willing to trade rights for protection, Mr. Kurtz was not only held without ever being officially charged, but while he was in custody law enforcement officers conducted a thorough search of his house and seized his computers. Worst of all was that during this prolonged investigation, the police even conducted an examination of his wife's body; she had died of cardiac arrest that morning. It was later determined that none of Kurtz's supplies could actually ever be used in the creation of a weapon (Sutton, Brind, McKenzie 131.) One of the most

Effect of Poverty on Women's Healthcare Research Paper

Effect of Poverty on Women's Healthcare - Research Paper Example health, it becomes imperative to identify and disclose health disparities related to gender and economic level so that appropriate actions are taken to help the needful. In this article, feminization of poverty and the health effects of poverty on women is discussed. It is a well known fact that the health of women is not only determined by biological factors but also by several social factors, the most important of which is poverty. In fact, 2 out of every 3 women in the world are plagued by poverty leading to an array of clinical problems like malnutrition, anemia, easy fatigability, increased susceptibility to infections and even premature death (Cohen, 1994). Though several organizations like the World Health Organization have asserted that health is a fundamental right of every human being irrespective of sex and other aspects, several women are being denied of this right and the main cause for this happens to be poverty. It is very important to tackle poverty of women for the purpose of long term success of the child poverty strategy of the Government (WBG, 2005). In this essay, the impact of poverty on the health care of women will be discussed through review of appropriate literature. In several countries like even developed countries like Canada, the poverty rates of women across all age groups is higher than in men. One of the main reasons for poverty among women is their dependency for living. In many races, women are not provided enough education and this leads to poor vocational opportunity and poverty. Many researchers favour the link between education and poverty (Zaki and El-Deeb, 2004). Also, many women cannot get employed full-time because of the responsibilities they have towards their children, husbands and elderly people at home. Lack of awareness which is more predominant in those belonging to lower socio-economic group is another major factor that influences health. In a study by Ailinget et al (2009), it was found that poor women had lower

Project On Library Management

Project On Library Management St. Joseph College Of Engineering and Technology (SJCET) located in eastern highlands of Tanzania, in the town of Dar es Salaam. The College operates in Brigitta Campus situated at about 23 km from Dar es Salaam-Morogoro Road at Mbezi-Luguruni Area. Built on a sprawling 30-acre hilly land, the college provides a conducive atmosphere for the pursuit of education. The focus of the college is on bringing out IT professionals, thus provides fine ambience for its training minds. The College runs two programmes, Degree and Diploma in Computer Applications that started in the year 2004, and in 2005 they opened another campus in town of Songea, southern of Tanzania. Currently, The College has been using a manual processing of library system. It has a well-stocked library providing a strong support to the Teaching-Learning process. The stack room has a total of about 32, 000 Books covering all the programmes offered. Adequate numbers of technology journals and magazines are subscribed in all the branches of study. With ample seating capacity the reading hall of the library caters to the scheduled use of the library by every class for one hour every week and to the leisure-time patronage by all the staff and students. The library working hours are between 8 am and 6pm on all working days and between 8am and 1pm on Saturday and Sunday. As time goes by, the population of students continues to increase. The librarians are not able to update the book files and student files, are unable to keep tracks of items, organize and maintain files as the result of an increased number of redundant and inaccurate information and no security measures taken. The college administration has now decided to automate manual Library System into a new Library Management System that will integrate among all of its campuses in order to eliminate redundancy and inconsistency of data. Librarians will be able to add/edit or delete details from and to the database plus maintaining security of Library System. Aim The aim of the project is to design and implement database for library management system that deals with Member registration, Item Management, Borrowing and Search for item(s) or for member(s), as well as avoiding redundancy errors and inconsistency of data by setting security measures. All records about books information and members information and other materials etc will be kept in the database. First, the library management system will allow members to register; registration includes storing basic information of members such as Member ID, Name, Address, Email, phone number, title, and registration date. then only the registered members will be allowed to borrow an item from the system and do searching for items based on author name, book title etc. Item Management is about managing all items available in library including Books, Journals and Reference materials with following properties: item number, name, author, number of copy etc. Placing reservation allows member to book an item if it is not immediately available. The item might be in another campus or a member may already have it out on loan. When the title is available, the librarian will activate the reservation and keep it aside for a member who has booked. Borrowing activity includes the following: allowing a member to borrow a book from library and be able to return a book to the library according to specific return date. When members borrow the book, database will store the book Id and member Id and this Ids will be used to search all items that have been borrowed by specific member and know total numbers of borrowed books and returned books. Objectives The main objectives of the project are: To do research on Library Systems and to establish distinct features that can be applied in developing a Library Management System. Activities: do research on manual and online Library System; get some ideas from books and journals for relevant articles. Deliverables: research report. To create a WBS for Library Management System. Activities: identify main Tasks (Activities) for the project and produce Work Breakdown Structure. Deliverables: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) To understand technologies to be used in designing Library Management System Activities: briefly explanation of software(s) to be used, hardware(s), languages and server(s). Deliverables: requirements Analysis. To design and implement a database that will hold information for Library Management System. Activities: Analyse information collected and draw up a requirements specification for Member registration, Item Management and setting security. Deliverables: conceptual data model, relational schema, codes for database. To develop a web based application for Library Management System. Activities: the following is the platform showing how the web based application will be implemented: PHP, CSS, XHTML, Apache and MySQL are languages to be used for developing web pages, virtual platforms and server side for validation on retrieving and accessing information from database through web based application. Deliverables: web based application, screen dumps, and codes for web based application. Resources During the course of this project the resources expected to be used are: Research: Academic Articles, Text books such Database Design and Implementation, e-Commerce; these textbooks will be used to bring up different concepts that will assist in designing a Database and Web pages for a new Library Management System then linking Web pages with the database designed. Internet access: should be reliable because many materials are available online on different websites/blogs that talk about Library Management System. Software: any database web design software will be used in designing Library Management System and languages to used are: mySQL codes, PHP, etc. Application programs: mySQL server, Ms Project, Dreamweaver, etc Initial References St. Joseph College Of Engineering and Technology (SJCET) PROSPECTUS 2006-2007. Proposal: Guidelines and Samples, available at: http://sampleproposal.net/category/system-proposal/ Database Design and Implementation Coursework, Comp 1302, Due: 07-04-2010. Library Management System, available at: http://www.dotnetspider.com/projects/7-Library-Management-System.aspx New York State Library, available at: http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/libdev/pos/ PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is sometimes conflated with program management. The primary challenge of project management is to achieve all of the project goals and objectives while honouring the preconceived project constraints. [Wikipedia.org (date: 23rd Aug 2010)] Typical constraints are scope, time and budget; used to represent the concept that the various factors affecting project outcome are coupled such that a decrease along one dimension necessarily results in an increase in at least one of the dimensions. Scope includes all factors associated with the project deliverables, including quality. Budget includes all things that cost money, including resources and equipment. Time is about knowing the project schedule; how much time taken to complete the project. [Wikipedia.org (date: 23rd Aug 2010)] Processes The major processes include: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling and closing. Initiation The initiation processes determine the nature and scope of the project. If this stage is not performed well, it is unlikely that the project will be successful in meeting the business needs. The key project controls needed here are an understanding of the business environment and making sure that all necessary controls are incorporated into the project. Any deficiencies should be reported and a recommendation should be made to fix them. The initiation stage should include a plan that encompasses the following areas: Analyzing the business needs/requirements in measurable goals Reviewing of the current operations Financial analysis of the costs and benefits including a budget Stakeholder analysis, including users, and support personnel for the project Project charter including costs, tasks, deliverables, and schedule [Wikipedia.org (date: 23rd Aug 2010)] Planning and design After the initiation stage, the project is planned to an appropriate level of the detail. The main purpose is to plan time, cost and resources adequately to estimate the work needed and to effectively manage risk during project execution. As with the initiation process group, a failure to adequately plan greatly reduces the projects chances of successfully accomplishing its goals. Project planning generally consists of Determine how to plan (e.g. by level of detail or rolling wave); Developing the scope statement; Selecting the planning team; Identifying deliverables and creating the work breakdown structure; Identifying the activities needed to complete those deliverables and networking the activities in their logical sequence; Estimating the resource requirements for the activities; Estimating time and cost for activities; Developing the schedule; Developing the budget; Risk planning; Gaining formal approval to begin work; [Wikipedia.org (date: 23rd Aug 2010)] Executing Execution process involves coordinating people and resources as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan. The deliverables are produced as outputs from the processes performed as defined in the project management plan. [Wikipedia.org (date: 23rd Aug 2010)] Monitoring and Controlling Monitoring and controlling consists of those processes performed to observe project execution so that potential problems can be identified in a timely manner and corrective action can be taken, when necessary to control the execution of the project. The key benefit is that project performance is observed and measured regularly to identify variances from the project management plan. Monitoring and controlling includes: Measuring the ongoing project activities (where we are); Monitoring the project variable (cost, effort, scope etc) against the project management plan and the project performance baseline (where we should be) Identify corrective actions to address issues and risks properly (how can we get on track again) Influencing the factors that could circumvent integrates changes controls so only approved changes are implemented In multi-phase projects, the monitoring and controlling process also provides feedback between project phases, in order to implement corrective or preventive actions to bring the project into compliance with the project management plan. Project Maintenance is an ongoing process, and it includes: Continuing support of end users Correction of errors Updates of the software overtime [Wikipedia.org (date: 23rd Aug 2010)] Closing Closing includes the formal acceptance of the project and the ending thereof. Administrative activities include the archiving of the files and documenting lessons learned. This phase consists of: Project close: finalize all activities across all of the process groups to formally close the project or a project phase Contract closure: complete and settle each contract (including the resolution of any open items) and close each contract applicable to the project or project phase [Wikipedia.org (date: 23rd Aug 2010)] Work Breakdown Structure Work breakdown structure (WBS) is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. Because most projects involve many people and many different deliverables, it is important to organize and divide the work into logical parts based on how the work will be performed. The WBS is a foundation document in project management because it provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources and changes. Gantt chart Gantt chart is a standard format of displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format. [Schwalbe, K (2007); page 25] Gantt chart for SJCET Library Management System

Abortion - Denying the Undeniable Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive To

Denying the Undeniable      Ã‚   Grief after induced abortion is often more profound and delayed than grief after other perinatal losses. Grief after elective abortion is uniquely poignant because it is largely hidden. The post-abortion woman's grief is not acknowledged by society because the reality of her child's death is not acknowledged. In order to gain her consent for the abortion she has been told that the procedure will remove a "blob of tissue" a "product of conception", or a "pre-embryo." She has been assured that her "problem will be solved" and that she will be able to "get on with her life" as though nothing significant had happened. Yet the pregnant woman knows by the changes in her body that something very significant is happening to her: her menses have stopped, her breasts are enlarging, she is sick in the morning (or all day long), and she knows that the process which has begun in her will most likely result in the birth of a baby in nine months time if allowed to run its course. She is aware of the expected date of delivery and she has often thought of a name for her baby as she has begun to picture the child as he or she would be at birth (Bonding begins very early in pregnancy.). All of these feelings and fantasies about her pregnancy must be denied in order to undergo an elective abortion. The pregnant woman is asked to deny the fact that she is carrying a child at all!    Theresa Bonopartis relates her true story in her book, Divine Mercy In My Soul:    I could feel the baby thrashing around as his skin and lungs were burned by the saline. He was dying. Labor began. After twelve hours of labor, alone in the room, I gave birth to a dead baby boy. I looked at his tiny feet and hands. All... ...hat they have committed 'the unforgivable sin' and fear God's anger.    Women who have had an abortion often have many questions, the answers to which are indispensable to beginning the healing journey. Can God ever forgive me? Can my child? Can I ever forgive myself? Will the Church let me stay when I confess this sin? Will this horrible pain ever go away? Is healing possible? The answer to all these questions is, of course, YES!    WORKS CITED    "Aftermath." http://www.hopeafterabortion.com/hope.cfm?sel=A31Q    Bishops, US Catholic. "Bishops' Official Notes Coverage of Post-Abortion Program." http://www.nccbuscc.org/comm/archives/00-084.htm    Bonopartis, Theresa. Divine Mercy In MY Soul. http://www.hopeafterabortion.org/hope.cfm?sel=C18L    "Stories of Healing." http://www.hopeafterabortion.com/hope.cfm?sel=JHY7

Aristotle’s Ideas in the Modern Work Environment

Aristotle in the Modern Work Environment In Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, every point, every major idea, and every argument made, is all connected back to the concept that every action seeks an ultimate good. Aristotle felt that there is an intrinsic good that humans aim for and that there is this â€Å"good life† we all mean to have. However, what does it mean to be good? That means something different to everyone; we all inhabit many different roles in our day to day lives, whether we strive to be a good parent, a good sibling, a good student, a good citizen, or a good leader.All emphasize the importance of our own well-being, as well as that of others, and the greater community as a whole. For the purpose of this paper, the focus will be on work relationships, what it means to promote a good work environment, and how Aristotle's ideas relate to the modern work community. First, we will examine the characteristics of a great place to work, and then we will examine how each of Aristotle's main ideas on civic relationships relate to these modern work relationships.Whether the association is that of an employee and an employer, a buyer and a seller, or even a manager and an investor, each relationship has common business ideas and common human needs. Sometimes companies get so caught up in the business ideas that the human needs become null. However, the most successful companies are the ones who are able to excel at both the business practices as well the care of their employees. So what defines a â€Å"great† place to work?Is it the business with the most elaborate holiday parties, the one with the highest paid employees, or perhaps is it the business that places value in the intangibles, such as trust, communication, and strong leadership? To define the traits of a positive work environment, we will examine the Great Place to Work website, who every year, partners with 5,000 plus companies and conducts a survey to find out exactly what a great workplace means. Essentially, a great work environment can be defined by three main factors; employees trust the people they work for, they have pride in what they do, and they enjoy the people they work with.Of these three, it is the mutual trust that employees and employers have in one another that sets the foundation for a successful company. An employer can build trust with their workers by having credibility for the work output and treating them with respect and fairness. This in turn, creates a loyal employee who is dedicated to producing their highest quality of work as well as motivating others to do the same. Whether the business is a small ma-pop store, or a Fortune 500 corporation, all have the ability to achieve a cohesive work environment.The best of both an employee and an employer can be explained by Aristotle's views on happiness, the virtues and deliberation, justice, and friendship. All are interconnected, and when applied to a professional setting, help to promot e an work environment that is beneficial for the company, but more importantly, the human good. Aristotle's most important concept is that of human happiness because happiness in and of itself was reaching the end good. According to him, humans have three parts to their soul.The first is the most basic, a vegetative state in which all living things share in which we are satisfying our most basic of needs. The next level is that reason that is grounded in emotion. The two are grounded in each other, and therefore, can be swayed by each other, such in that our emotions can influence our reason. Aristotle believed that true happiness was engaging the highest activity of the soul, our capacity for thought. He believed that happiness was â€Å"the human good [that proves to be] the activity of the soul in accord with virtue. In other words, a person living life to the fullest was the person pursuing their purpose in life with action, and reaching a certain amount of excellence in that p urpose. In turn, that will bring a true state of happiness. The best way to bring about this state of individual happiness is through community. In terms of a business community, it is the responsibility of the leaders to promote an environment that focuses on establishing a worker's strength, discovering his or her potential, and then developing that potential in order to fulfill that person's purpose.In the business world, we see people all the time who feel their work is not fulfilling and lacking in purpose. These are also the kinds of people we see that show up to work and complete the bare minimum necessary for obtaining their paycheck. An employer who wants to have a successful company needs to promote the kind of work that is in their employees' best interests and allows them to feel useful each and every day. A happy employee will be more invested in the business's day to day operations, as well as the overall success of the organization.The discussion of happiness leads to Aristotle's next major ideas, those of the virtues and deliberation. A happy person will be someone who lives in accordance with the virtues. He is neither too much of one thing, or not enough of another, he is in the middle of two extremes. Aristotle explained the virtues to be a perception of the right thing to do or the appropriate response when faced with a certain situations. The good decision lies in the virtue that is between what Aristotle called the â€Å"vices of excess† and the â€Å"vices of deficiency. For example, cowardliness would be a vice of deficiency, foolhardiness would be a vice of excess, and courage in the middle of these two would be the right decision. Aristotle's virtues can be broken down in two ways: intellectually and morally. Intellectual virtue comes from education, which must be taught over a length of time. Moral virtue, on the other hand, comes from habit. They are virtues that need to be learned, and that is accomplished by actually pract icing it. People become virtuous by performing virtuous acts, and the more they are practiced, the more the virtue becomes a part of one's disposition.Although moral virtues are reactions due to habit or practice to respond in certain ways, Aristotle believed virtues are cultivated through deliberation. One must think about the situation he or she is in, and contemplate as to what good could be achieved in that situation. In deliberation, one must consider the â€Å"ends† he or she is trying to ultimately reach, and make a decision about the best way to go about achieving that end result. Virtues and the deliberative process are involved everyday in the business world.A person's virtues guide his decisions, and decisions have to be made on a daily basis when it comes to a business's operations, finances, resources, customers, or even future goals. A company therefore needs their leader to be virtuous in order to make the kinds of decisions that will be in everyone's best inte rest. A leader that is virtuous will desire to be good and do good, therefore he will make decisions that are fair. This engages one of the fundamental traits of a Great Place to Work, and that is the leader promotes an connection based on trust between himself and his employees.When employees believe their boss is contemplating the best course of action when faced with a certain situation, they can trust him to make a sound and virtuous judgment. The trust that is built here translates into respect for their superiors, and when employees respect the people they work for, the entire organization is given the opportunity to run smoothly and cohesively. Another of Aristotle's virtues that he specifically singles out is justice. It includes all other virtues under its umbrella, because to be just is to consider all the other virtues and act in a virtuous way.In this case, he is not describing the kind of justice to exact on a criminal, but rather justice in that a person gets what he d eserves. Justice must maintain a certain balance in which advantages and disadvantages are equal. In Aristotle's opinion, greed or the desire to have more than one’s due counteracts his idea of distributive justice. In this concept, wealth among the community would be spread out among its members, with everyone receiving their fair share according to their virtue. He believed the economy was not driven by a â€Å"guiding hand† but by reciprocity.A successful economy distributes goods not to satisfy an individual's best interest, but to facilitate exchanges within the community, with the ultimate goal being people living the life they want in accordance with their virtues. The most virtuous people make the most significant contributions to the community, and therefore are of the highest merit. His concept of distributive justice enables the greatest privilege to go to those with the most virtue, and not those with the most money, the most power, or the most inside conne ctions.The best places to work are the ones that are most just. They exhibit all the virtues in the best sense, but most of all, the people within the company benefit from an environment of fairness, for both the employees and the employers. In order to maintain the balance of justice, not one employee is treated with an unfair share of disadvantages and therefore carries too much of a burden. On the other hand, not one employee enjoys an unfair share of advantages and therefore is overly privileged.Everyone is cooperating together and this kind of justice only facilitates the inner workings of a business in a way that contributes to the overall success of the company. It also promotes a fair merit-based system that rewards promotions and other benefits fairly. If employees know that privileges will be handed down based on highest merit, and not unfairly based on seniority, or inside connections, they will be motivated to work hard and produce their best work, which in the end, only builds a more successful business.The last of Aristotle's main ideas we will discuss is friendship, and how in a certain way it connects all of Aristotle's main ideas together. Very simply put, friendship can be defined as wishing each other well and there being a mutual awareness of good will between two individuals. Aristotle then classifies three types of friendships: those based in utility, those based in pleasure, and those based in character. A friendship based in utility, occurs when two people can benefit from each other. By doing the same thing, both gain an equal advantage in the relationship.This kind of friendship is a temporary situation because it is based in two individuals being useful to each other, rather than any enjoyment they have it the person. If the usefulness ends, the purpose of the relationship disappears, and therefore so does the relationship itself. A friendship for pleasure happens when two people enjoy the other's company and have a common interest i n doing a certain activity together. In this case, doing the activity in the company of another makes the activity more enjoyable than if it had be done alone.This kind of friendship is also temporary because the relationship lasts only as long as the two individuals share the common interest. The strongest and most enduring of friendships are also the rarest kind, and those are friendships based in character. This relationship occurs when two people admire the quality of the other person and find common ground in their virtues. They develop a long-lasting friendship that develops over time as they get to know one another. It is a very selfless kind of relationship as there are no motivating factors these individuals seek in one another.They accept each other for who they are and encourage each other to find the â€Å"goodness† in what they pursue. Friendships of character connect the ideas of virtue, justice, and happiness together. The basis of a good friend is that the fri end is good in and of himself. He realizes his best self in accordance with the virtues, and will encourage a friend of similar virtue to seek his best self. He who acts in accordance with all the virtues is just, and justice in its fullest sense is friendliness. Both justice and friendliness inhabit the idea of distributive justice.Not in an economical sense, but friends of utility, pleasure, or goodness equally exchange advantages consistent with the type of friendship they share. If there is an unequal distribution of disadvantages in friendships of utility or pleasure, then the relationship will disintegrate. Therefore, among true friends that is based on character, there is no need for justice. Those who actively engage in friendships are also the happiest. Humans are not meant to live in solitude, and it is by engaging those around them and participating in the community that one will find the good in others, the good in the community, and the good in life.Friendship in the wo rkplace bolsters the idea of camaraderie among employees and employers. When people enjoy the other people they work with, they're surrounded by a positive environment that enables them to work at their highest potential. this doesn't mean that people's work environments have to be filled with their best friends, but instead should feel a friendliness towards their peers out of a sharing their professional lives together and a common interest to meet their business goals.The most likely of friendships to be found in a work environment are friendships of utility or pleasure. Every person within an organization may have separate goals, but all share the same goal of seeing the company do well. The success of the business will benefit everyone as long as they work together. It's also likely that people within the same line of business will share some of the same interests. This commonality between workers can be the foundation for them to work together effectively and support each othe r in their work.The rarest kind of work friendship would be that based in character. It is likely that you may share some of the same professional values, but people are so different that it's rare to come together on a work platform and build a lasting relationship. However, hopefully people within the business can at least appreciate the quality of their peers and superiors, even if they don't fully admire them. The best kinds of work environments are the one that exhibit all Aristotle's main ideas, such as happiness, virtue, deliberation, justice, and friendship, to their fullest.Environments that remain open to dialogue and respect, that recognize differences among people as a unifying force rather than a dividing one and utilize people's strengths to their greatest potential are the kind of work environments that Aristotle would promote. While it may be hard for a business to maintain the best environment all the time, as long as it stays true to its ethical business principles , and as long as its leaders strive to meet the human needs of its employees and well as the goals of the company, then I would consider that a great place to work.

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